PI-21684 Acamprosate calcium (77337-73-6)
Catalog No.: PI-21684
Synonym:
Molecular Formula: 2C5H10NO4S.Ca
Molecular Weight: 400.48
CAS Number: 77337-
MDL Number:
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1g
Properties & Safety
Purity: 98.0%
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3-Acetamidopropane-1-sulfonic acid
Identifiers
CAS number 77337-76-9
ATC code N07BB03
PubChem 71158
DrugBank APRD00661
Chemical data
Formula C10H20N2O8S2
Mol. mass 181.211 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 11%
Protein binding Negligible
Metabolism Nil
Half life 20 to 33 hours
Excretion Renal
Percentage attending program Abstinence rates Average number of days abstinence1 Days until first breach of abstinence1
Acamprosate group 66.1% 50.8% 45.07 days 26.79 days
Naltrexone group 79.7% 66.1% 49.95 days 26.7 days
Drug combination group 83.1% 67.8% 53.58 days 37.32 days
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Acamprosate, also known by the brand name Campral, is a drug used for treating alcohol dependence.
Acamprosate is thought to stabilize the chemical balance in the brain that would otherwise be disrupted by alcoholism, possibly by blocking glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, while gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors are activated.[2] Reports indicate that acamprosate only works with a combination of attending support groups and abstinence from alcohol.[3] Certain serious side effects include allergic reactions, irregular heartbeats, and low or high blood pressure, while less serious side effects include headaches, insomnia, and impotence.[4] Acamprosate should not be taken by people with kidney problems or allergies to the drug.[5]
acamprosate calcium
Campral is manufactured and marketed in the United States by Forest Laboratories, while Merck KGaA markets it outside the US. It is sold as 333 mg white and odorless tablets of acamprosate calcium, which is the equivalent of 300mg of acamprosate.[1]
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Calcium of Acamprosate is prescribed to treat the alcohol dependence. It helps the people who already stopped drinking the alcohol subsistence to still start. You must be without alcohol before taking the calcium of Acamprosate for him with work.
You must also be been willing to follow a complete plan of treatment of alcohol which includes the mental and behavioral consultation of health. One thinks of the calcium of Acamprosate to function while reconstituting and by regulating the chemicals of brain which were disturbed by long-term exposure to alcohol. Calcium of Acamprosate is employed for no type of dependence of substance other than alcohol.
How it works:
It interferes with the chemicals in the brain which are thought to be involved in causing people to become dependent on alcohol.
Possible adverse effects: Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain and loss of sex drive.
Other information: Do not take if you have liver problems. Treatment will usually be started as soon as the patient has stopped drinking and be continued for around a year.
How to take Acamprosate Calcium?
* The prescribed dosage is based on the patient's individual medical history and response to therapy.
* Acamprosate Calcium is taken orally, usually three times a day or a directed by your doctor.
* It may be taken with or without food, but must be taken with a full eight-ounce glass of water unless directed otherwise by your physician.
* You should not lie down for thirty minutes after taking this medication.
* If you should begin drinking alcohol again, you should continue taking the medication but inform your doctor.
Side effects of Acamprosate Calcium
You can test any number of side effects of this drug including/understanding the diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, gas, the stomachache, loss of appetite, headache, somnolence, giddiness, constipation, tiredness
, loss of weight or profit of weight, join to you or pain of muscle, or an increase or a reduction in libido or of capacities. If unspecified of these side effects persist or worsen, make your doctor or pharmacist to know at once that possible.
Still more serious but not very probable side effects which could occur include the changes of mood (can include the depression or the thoughts of the suicide), pains in your trunk, fainding, hammering or fast palpitation, changes in the vision or hearing, and an increased thirst. Inform your doctor immediately if you test unspecified the latter.
Other rare but serious side effects which should immediately be reported to your doctor include the output of urine of increased/decreased, the seizures, the constant pain of stomach, the stools of black/tarry, and to vomit that has the aspect of on the coffee ground.
Recommended dosage
The dose that begins generally is two tablets (each tablet contains 333 milligrams) three taken by a day, for a total of six tablets to the day. His doctor can lower the dose according to the needed thing. People with moderate disease of the kidney take half from the regular dose - a tablet three times to the day. The security and the effectiveness of calcium of Acamprosate have not studied in children.
Special warnings about Acamprosate calcium
You must avoid the alcohol totally whereas she takes calcium from Acamprosate. If you begin to drink again, keep taking from calcium of Acamprosate and call to your doctor immediately to discuss your relapse. The calcium of Acamprosate does not release the symptoms of retirement of the alcohol.
Use calcium of Acamprosate with the precaution if you have problems of the kidney. Because the problems of mental health and the alcoholism happen frequently together, it says to his doctor on any change in humor or behavior whereas it uses calcium of Acamprosate (it see "most of the important fact on calcium of Acamprosate").
The calcium of Acamprosate could affect its judgment, thought, or abilities of motor. It does not lead, it does not work the dangerous machinery, nor it participates in dangerous activities until you know calcium of Acamprosate affects to him.
What to do if you miss a dose
Take all the missed amounts as soon as you remember. If one remembers the amount missed close of the moment for the next amount, jumps the completely missed amount and takes again your usual posological diagram. Proportioning never doubles to compensate missed amounts.
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USES: This medication is used to help alcohol dependent patients keep from drinking alcohol. It should be used as part of a complete treatment program that includes both counseling and psychological support. Acamprosate is believed to work by restoring the natural balance of chemicals in the brain (neurotransmitters). Before beginning this medication, you should no longer be drinking alcohol. Acamprosate has not been shown to be effective if you are still drinking when you start taking it.
HOW TO USE: Take this medication by mouth generally three times a day or as directed by your doctor. Acamprosate may be taken with or without food. Take this medication with a full glass of water (8 ounces or 240 milliliters) unless your doctor directs you otherwise. Do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking this medication. Use this medication regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. Remember to use it at the same times each day. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. Continue taking this medication, but inform your doctor if you begin drinking alcohol again.
SIDE EFFECTS: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, gas, stomach pain, loss of appetite, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, fatigue, weight gain/loss, muscle/joint pain, change in sexual desire or decreased sexual ability may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (including severe depression, thoughts of suicide), chest pain, fainting, fast or pounding heartbeat, vision or hearing changes, increased thirst. Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: change in the amount of urine, seizures, persistent stomach pain, black/tarry stools, vomit that looks like coffee grounds. A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include: rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
General Information
Campral (acamprosate) is a structural analogue of the amino acid homotaurine and the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). While it's specific mechanism of action is not entirely understood, neurotransmossion systems involving GABA and it's excitatory counterpart glutamate are observed to be thrown out of equilibrium when chronically exposed to alcohol; Campral, by mimicing GABA's actions and interacting with these systems directly, is thought to help restore this equilibrium.
It is specifically indicated for the maintenance of abstinence from alcohol in patients with alcohol dependence who are abstinent at treatment initiation. It has not been established as effective for initiating abstinence in patients who have not done so on their own prior to taking the drug, and it was designed to be a portion of a full behavioral and pharmacological treatment program. Campral has also not been shown to be effective in patients with multiple subtance dependencies including alcohol.
Campral is administered as an oral tablet, with a recommended dosage of two tablets (each containing 333 mg of Campral) thrice daily.
Clinical Results
FDA approval of Campral was based on three double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies enrolling a combined total of 998 subjects. The trials ranged from 90 to 360 days, with all subjects receiving at least one dose of Campral or placebo. All subjects had a history of alcohol abuse and dependence, and all had undergone inpatient detoxification and were abstinent from alcohol on the day of randomization. All subjects received their treatment in combination with standard psychosocial couselling. In all three studies, treatment with Campral yielded a greater portion of subjects maintaining abstinence than with placebo.
A fourth clinical study invesigated the efficacy of Campral in subjects with multiple substance dependencies, and in patients who had not established abstinence prior to dosing. In these studies, Campral was not shown to be superior to placebo.
Side Effects
Adverse events associated with the use of Campral may include, but are not limited to, the following:
* Diarrhea
* Nausea
* Flatulence
* Pruritus
In addition to these events, acute kidney failure was observed in 3 subjects during the trials. A causal role of Campral has not been found, and it has not been determined if these events were relevant to clinical treatment.
Mechanism of Action
Campral (acamprosate) is a structural analogue of the amino acid homotaurine, the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the neuromodulatory amino acid taurine. The drug's specific mechanism of action is not entirely understood, but it is thought to help restore GABA-glutamate equilibrium by acting specifically on sites of alcohol dependence. It has been shown to have little to no additional CNS activity, and did not demonstrate significant behavioral effects (depression, anxiety, dizziness, etc.) significantly more often than placebo.
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